One of the most interesting testing and validation techniques used in industry is the so-called HIL (Hardware in the Loop): this involves hardware and software devices that allow the operation of electronic control units to be tested by reproducing the physical electrical and electronic signal of the system for which they are intended without having the signals coming from a real physical product.
A new approach to HIL is the Twin In the Loop: the combination of HIL and Digital Twin techniques. Combining the use of reconfigurable hardware with the possibility of modelling the behaviour of the controlled unit with a digital twin.
The Twin is realised by combining numerical models and models derived from real data, using machine-learning techniques.
For more information click on the Twin In the Loop link.